In plain language
Budget Glossary
Government budgets are full of jargon. Here's what the most common terms actually mean — in everyday words, with examples.
Property Tax
- Ad valorem tax
- Latin for 'according to value' — another name for property tax, because it's based on the value of the property.
- Assessed valuation (citywide)
- The total assessed value of all taxable property in the city added together. The mill levy is applied to this number to figure out how much property-tax revenue the city raises.
- Assessed value
- The portion of a property's market value that is actually taxed. In Kansas, homes are assessed at 11.5% of market value and most commercial property at 25%. A $200,000 home has an assessed value of about $23,000.
- Mill levy
- The property tax rate, expressed in 'mills.' One mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. If the mill levy is 40, a property assessed at $20,000 owes $800 in city property tax.
How the Budget Is Organized
- Enterprise (proprietary) fund
- A fund that operates like a business and is paid for by user fees rather than taxes — for example, the Water and Sewer funds, which are funded by utility bills.
- Fund
- A separate 'pot' of money set aside for a specific purpose, with its own revenues and expenses. Cities use fund accounting so that, for example, water-bill money can only be spent on the water system.
- General Fund
- The city's main operating fund. It pays for services that don't have their own dedicated funding source, such as general administration, parks, and public safety.
- Governmental fund
- A fund that pays for traditional government services and is supported mainly by taxes and intergovernmental money, rather than by fees for a specific service.
Money In & Out
- Expenditure
- Money going out — what the city actually spends on salaries, services, supplies, equipment, and debt payments.
- Franchise fee
- A fee that utility companies (electric, gas, cable, phone) pay the city for the right to run their lines through public rights-of-way. It usually shows up as a small line item on your utility bill.
- Intergovernmental revenue
- Money the city receives from another level of government — for example, the city's share of the state motor-fuel (gas) tax, or state and federal grants.
- Revenue
- Money coming in — taxes, fees, fines, grants, and charges for services such as water.
Spending & Debt
- Bond
- A way cities borrow money for big projects, repaid with interest over many years — similar to a mortgage for a major purchase.
- Capital improvement
- A large, long-lasting purchase or project — a building, major equipment, or infrastructure — as opposed to routine day-to-day operating costs.
- Cash carryover / fund balance
- Money left in a fund at the end of the year that carries into the next. A healthy carryover is the city's savings cushion for emergencies and cash flow.
- Debt service
- The scheduled payments of principal and interest the city makes on money it has borrowed. The Bond & Interest Fund is dedicated to these payments.
The Budget Process
- Adopted budget
- The final budget after the Governing Body has voted to approve it. It becomes the city's official spending plan for the year and is certified to the county.
- Notice of Budget Hearing
- A legally required public notice, published in the newspaper, that announces the proposed budget and the date of the public hearing where residents can comment.
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